Monday, August 24, 2020

Outline three factors that might explain western society’s attitude to death and dying free essay sample

The absence of transparency and conversation about death and passing on has antagonistic results: People might be superfluously terrified about the way toward kicking the bucket; Close family members of individuals who are moving toward the finish of life might be unconscious of their desires and in this manner how best to help and bolster them. This is especially significant for the individuals who may lose the ability to settle on their own choices; Inappropriate intercessions might be attempted if those thinking about somebody don't know about the person’s treatment inclinations, including advance choices to reject treatment; People who might have wanted their organs to be utilized for transplantation might not have examined this with family members who need to settle on choices after their passing; People might not have talked about burial service wishes with their family members; People may bite the dust without composing a will; Same sex accomplices might not have announced their status, with the outcome that experts may reject them from association in their partner’s care; Fear of the obscure implies that individuals now and then will in general dodge the individuals who are sick inspired by a paranoid fear of ‘upsetting them’ or ‘making them worse’; Lack of open and expert conversation about death and kicking the bucket might be one reason why this zone has verifiably been given low need by wellbeing and social consideration administrations; People, including clinical staff, are oblivious of the potential alternatives that could improve personal satisfaction and reestablish autonomy; Lack of information on the monetary ramifications for the dispossessed after a passing and what should be set up in front of the occasion; and Lack of open and expert conversation about sadness and misfortune, which brings about the confinement of the deprived. We will compose a custom exposition test on Diagram three factors that may disclose western society’s disposition to death and kicking the bucket or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page National and neighborhood activity to advance open mindfulness and change mentalities about death and kicking the bucket 2. 5 This methodology sets out the government’s expectation to focus on end of life care. In any case, government activity alone can't change mentalities towards death and kicking the bucket, nor bring issues to light of the issues in question. 2. 6 The overall population, experts, free gatherings, deliberate area and legal associations should cooperate in organization to convey improved attention to the issues engaged with end of life care and to change perspectives. This will require coordinated activity and progress won't be made for the time being.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Globalisation and Changing Technology for Culture - myassignmenthelp

Question: Distinguish how globalization and changing innovation have affected the manner in which supervisors plan, sort out, lead and control. Answer: Presentation One of the most notable highlights of new thousand years is rapid globalization with quick headway in data innovation. Despite the fact that the idea of globalization is deciphered contrastingly by various analysts, the most huge influence it has is on the zones identified with economy, culture and innovation. Globalization has made a requirement for supervisors of the organization to think about vital procedures by executing advancements into their administration so as to increase upper hand in neighborhood and worldwide markets. Very much prepared and proficient administration is requested to move toward business sectors to force a refined thickness of the associations relationship with numerous universal markets. So as to expand generally benefits for the firm, directors independent of various societies and nations need to shape together as per current pattern of globalization(NYAKOA, 2013). Primary body Effects of Technology process Globalization and changing innovation impactsly affects supervisors of associations. When contrasted with before, progressively strategic, talented and associated directors are required those can settle on choices by pleasing present hierarchical organizations. The market rivalry and vulnerability have expanded extensively while requesting higher caliber of items and administrations. The companys are getting progressively differentiated in nature and subsequently remaining task at hand is expanded. Along these lines makes important to receive less complex methods of record support that is conceivable just by actualizing advancements. Essential administrative capacities may get upset by expanded obligation through globalization and authoritative remaining burdens relating dynamic, arranging, control and synchronization(Golson, 1977). Innovative change can give positive changes by diminishing physical worry of workers and give improved results in since quite a while ago run. The key arranging and sorting out requires a mechanical change that can assess future suspicions with the goal that power to confront them gets simpler for the administration of the organizations. To expand the proficiency in the firm, changing innovation can altogether add to hierarchical achievement. Directors must perceive the requirement for globalization and any disappointment in perceiving the clients need and pattern can bring about negative result. By actualizing innovation, the speed the work is expanded and both profitability and execution gets upgraded. Quicker help disposes of the clients to sit tight for any assistance and at the same time decreases the expense of work. Since the innovation has a more extensive degree for keeping up records and accounting in efficient way without connecting bunches of time, it is been embraced by numerous associations. New programming projects those are accessible in the market performs different undertakings like dispatching, planning, work request, support plans, keeping up accounting, etc.(Capterra, 2017) Bar coding and QR coding are additionally one of the significant innovation generally utilized in associations to keep up the records of staff participation in enormous workplaces and items subtleties in stockrooms. All these innovation not just gives an effective method of record upkeep yet additionally diminishes the general expenses of overseeing. Improved Communication Process With globalization of associations, the need to create imparting strategies has expanded to make the chiefs get to its branches and customer base spread internationally. E-Services assumes a significant job in giving an extent of globalized organizations similarly as with the assistance of web and media communications, the geological hindrances between associations is disposed of through correspondence. Prior gathering demonstrated costly for the organizations as individuals related needed to make goes for the organization. With the presentation of video conferencing, the critical time is been spared and helps in improving connections through responsive correspondences in cost reductive way(Wasielewski, 2014). Video chat demonstrates powerful method of correspondence where virtual prerequisite isn't fundamental. These days it has become a coordinated piece everything being equal and can't be disposed of as ordinary conversations and discussions inside divisions or buyer related admin istrations are made with video chats. New advances are improved forms that can trade messages with every substance in a more noteworthy measure of crowds. Analysts recommends that utilizing new advancements like remotely coordinating can give quicker interchanges as one and all gets same informations in cost viable method(Lane). Email is additionally a powerful method of innovative correspondences wherein records are made, erased and spared. The greater part of the administrators utilize this innovation to track archives that can be held and composed by the assigned organizer or organization details. Companys these days doesn't have confidence in putting away informations in conventional assistant records as they are inclined to harms and furthermore requires space(Walton, 2017). In this manner to record informations and reports electronically. Directors embrace different virtual products which can be connected with messages and can empower them to document every single applicable datum in electronic recording process. Upheld up information can be saved and discovered rapidly at the hour of crises. Numerous administrative arrangements additionally direct organizations to oversee messages for operational security and moral code of conducts(Rockefeller Archive Center, 2006).Thus administrators require increasi ng sufficient information about new advancements or, more than likely may cost organizations fines and wastage of time. The imaginative innovations additionally help in expanding the work execution inside the association. By following errands assigned and mange everyday work carefully, the expense of investigating physically gets decreased. Since this is additionally an unprejudiced method of checking, the spirit of workers isn't hampered. Administering and controlling laborers make them committed to work more and thus by and large profitability is expanded. Then again if innovation is actualized, the work speed is expanded alongside giving ideal answers for any computations or records of the organization. Consequently work execution is additionally enhanced(Mouawad, 2015). End In the wake of contemplating various parts of mechanical expansion in globalized association, it very well may be legitimately said that todays business world can't continue without it as innovation has become a significant and incorporated piece of associations. With the presentation of new advances, the pattern of their execution will likewise proceed in unsurprising future. Chiefs who follow customary ways must comprehend technologys values and receive it in positive and arranged manner(Golson, 1977). Innovation expands efficiency or execution as well as reinforces relationship with clients and among workers of associations. While procuring another innovation, it must line up with the prerequisite of the firm and guarantee its similarity between anticipated innovation and extreme objective of the firm. In conclusion it tends to be said that innovation must be actualized with legitimate methodological help alongside giving adequate time to laborers and supervisors at first to show signs of improvement outcomes(NYAKOA, 2013). References Capterra. (2017). Upkeep Management Software. Recovered from https://www.capterra.com/support the board programming/ Golson, J. P. (1977). The effect of innovative change on association the board. Recovered from https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1795437 Path, C. (n.d.). The Distance Learning Technology Resource Guide: Teleconferencing. Recovered from https://www.tecweb.org/eddevel/edtech/teleconf.html Mouawad, F. (2015). 5 Ways Technology Can Improve Productivity at Work. Recovered from https://fredmouawad.com/5-ways-innovation can-improve-efficiency at-work/ NYAKOA, O. M. (2013). THE EFFECT OF Globalization ON STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AT ERNST YOUNG (EY), KENYA. Recovered from https://chss.uonbi.ac.ke/destinations/default/documents/chss/EFFECT_OF_GLOBALISATION_ON_STRATEGIC_MANAGEMENT.pdf Rockefeller Archive Center. (2006). Email GUIDELINES For Managers and Employees. Recovered from https://rockarch.org/CERP/pdf/emailguidelines.pdf Walton, A. (2017). The Importance of Accounting Software. Recovered from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/significance bookkeeping programming 71524.html Wasielewski, J. (2014). How Videoconferencing Helps Business Communication. Recovered from https://blog.clickmeeting.com/videoconferencing-helps-business-correspondence

Friday, July 24, 2020

The Question Mark Its Many Uses

The Question Mark Its Many Uses We all ask myriad questions each and every day. This is how we gather information, make assessments, and decide what moves to make next. The question mark, also known as the eroteme or interrogation point, is how we set a question apart from other types of statements in writing. However, the question mark is not a one-trick pony in the punctuation world. It has a fuzzy history and many uses that help English speakers communicate in very specific ways.The history of the question markThe question marks history is full of fun stories that try to explain its curved nature. One story attributes the question marks shape to a cats tail. Such a cat would be an inquisitive one, wanting to know the answers to everything in its feline life. Some say that this questioning cat lived in ancient Egypt, where cats were often worshipped and preserved in artwork. Unfortunately, this idea has no basis in facts.Another story that tries to explain the shape of the curvy punctuation mark takes us back to the Middle Ages. The story goes that scholars during that time would write the Latin quaestio at the end of a sentence to tell readers that the sentence was a question. Over time, the process was shortened bit by bit until only the q and the o remained, with the q being written over the o. As you can imagine, a further reduction of those letters can give the appearance of the question mark we see today. Once again, however, there really is no solid evidence to back up this story.The real story is that in the Middle Ages punctuation used dots at different levels to show various uses in the sentence. One scholar, Alcuin of York, realized that the limitations of this system needed to be addressed and updated. He created what was called the point of interrogation. He used a symbol similar to a tilde above a dot to represent the rise in tone the speaker would use if he or she were speaking the sentence out loud. Despite its use as an exclamation mark as well, the point of interrogation w as kept around until the 17th century, when its form and specific use in question statements evolved.Various uses of the question markYou would think that a question mark would be used only one wayâ€"at the end of a sentence that is asking a question. Well, the question mark is used for more than just that! In fact, there are quite a few ways that this mark can be used, both formal and informal.Basic interrogativesFirst, the most widely known use of the question mark is in a basic interrogative sentence:Why did the chicken cross the road?How did you make that cake?This usage basically indicates that the person asking the question wants to know a specific piece of information that he or she doesnt already know. The reader knows this because of the phraseology and the curved punctuation mark at the endâ€"the question mark.Statements as questionsSecond, which is associated with the first use, is turning a statement into a question. Basically, the person asking the question is assuming or hoping for a specific answer in response. These types of questions are asked when the speaker already knows the information, but she is just confirming it.He didnt actually say that, did he?Youre going to finish this project by tonight, right?The examples above demonstrate that the question posed is essentially a confirmation of the information, as opposed to the first use where the speaker doesnt have the information at all.ConfirmationsThird, some statements are presented with a simple word or phrase at the end that is requesting confirmation from the listener. This type of word or phrase is called a question tag. When these endings are spoken out loud, the speakers vocal tone is raisedâ€"a trait that the question mark helps portray in writing. Say, for example, you tell someone to leave you a message while simultaneously wanting them to confirm that he understands your request:Just leave me a message, ok?Feed the cat in the morning and the evening, got it?The part of the sente nce before the comma could be a statement on its own. Just leave me a message. There is no question mark. But, if a confirmation from the listener is desired, it can become a question simply by adding ok? at the end. Pretty cool!Questions as part of a statementFourth, in narrative writing sometimes a question is posed as part of a statement.She wondered, how could she put herself in this situation again?Why would they have this meeting without me? the boss wondered.While some authors keep these kinds of statements as just statements, others want to emphasize that the character is thinking something. To do that, they format the statements as in the examples above to set the questions apart from the statement as a whole. This literary tactic can be useful in keeping the reader immersed in the characters mind set or in the situation being presented. This usage is not often used in formal writing, however. There generally isnt much use for this format outside of narrative writing.Series of questionsFifth, similar to the fourth use, a question mark can be used to separate questions in a series that are not expanded into complete sentences on their own.We were trying to decide where to run. Through the narrow streets? Straight home? Generally south?There are many investment options we need to consider. Stocks? Bonds? Real estate?This particular format can be used in either formal or informal writing, but it isnt used very often in formal writing.Uncertain informationSixth, a question mark can be used to identify areas in text where there is unknown or uncertain information. The question mark is often used in this manner in historical texts and references. Some nonfiction narratives will even employ this to ensure they are not making assumptions seem as facts in the text.Guillerme Babin, 1510 (?) â€" 1582, was a farmer in the French Trébrivan area.Upon their arrival in 1764 (?), the settlers discovered remains from previous inhabitants.This usage is a good way for w riters to show that they are somewhat sure of the dates, but that there could be some discrepancies.How to use a question markStyle guides often have their own requirements for punctuation. With a question mark, however, the requirements are somewhat standard across all styles. The format of using a question mark in English is simple when its used in a plain question sentence. Just pose the question and add the question mark at the end of it.Where are you going?What did you buy at the store?Things get a bit more complicated, however, when there are other punctuation marks in the vicinity of the question mark. For example, if the writer is quoting someone who is asking a question, where does the question mark go? Does it go inside or outside the quotation marks? It gets even trickier, though. What if quotation marks are used for emphasis around a phrase or a word that is not a quote from a character or a source? Here are a few examples to help.Dialogue quotesâ€"inside the quotation m arksWhat time do you want to meet? she asked.When he returned, he asked, How long was I gone?Emphasis quotation marksâ€"outside the quotation marksHow did the researcher collect data for the parameters Lunch and Dinner?Does the database table have a field for price?Notice in the dialogue examples that there was no comma added after the question mark or the closing quotation mark. This style convention is different from dialogue quotations that are statements. With a statement, a comma is used alone just before the ending quotation mark, as in the following example:We should meet at your place, she said.However, there is one additional case for the emphasis example. In the examples above, the question mark applied to the entire sentence. That is why the question mark was placed outside the quotation mark. When the sentence is not an interrogative, but the text placed inside the quotation marks is, then the question mark goes inside the quotation marks and no other ending punctuation is required.I dont believe it is effective to have an attitude of what about me?Parentheses are other punctuation used with the question mark that might confuse writers. The rules for this type of usage are pretty straightforward. If the statement inside the parentheses is a complete sentence, then put the question mark inside the ending parenthesis and add other ending punctuation at the end of the main sentence.I took the wrong road (Why didnt I look at the map?) and ended up lost.She ran up the stairs in her heels (Couldnt she have just taken them off?).On the other hand, if the statement inside the parentheses is not a complete sentence, then the question mark goes outside the closing parenthesis. Why did you put that in the report (maybe a bit superfluous)?Why did she go to the market even though she didnt have a shopping list (as far as I know, anyway)?Other formatting styles to keep in mind with question marks are italicizing and underlining. When a question is italicized or underlined for emphasis, then the question mark should have the same formatting as the text it corresponds to. Following the guidelines for quotation marks above, if the question mark follows an italicized question, then it also is italicized. If it is not directly associated with the italicized text, then it is not italicized (a font not italicized is also called roman font).Why wasnt she made manager? (italicized question mark)Werent parameters included for page count and binding type? (roman question mark)Other languagesWhile English is the most familiar, other languages use the question mark in a similar way as well. These languages include German, French, Spanish, and computing languages.GermanHallo, wie geht es Ihnen? (formal: Hello, how are you?)FrenchOù allez-vous ? (Where are you going?)Notice that there is an extra space before the punctuation mark in the French sentence.SpanishDue to the nature of its grammatical structure, Spanish also includes an upside-down question m ark to tell the reader immediately that the sentence is a question. This usage is recent, however, and started around the mid-1700s. ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)ComputingIn HTML, question marks have a specific code designation instead of being written just as a question mark. Sometimes the question mark is used as what is called a wildcard character. A wildcard is a character that can be used in place of any one character.

Friday, May 22, 2020

Christmas Weather Lore

Weather lore exists for nearly every season and every type of weather, but many of the most well-known sayings have to do with winter weather.   Besides hoping for a White Christmas, theres another reason youll want to keep a watchful eye on your Christmas Day forecast. According to weather folklore, the weather on Christmas foretells the weather for the remaining winter and upcoming year.   Based on the below sayings, what does your Christmas Day weather suggest? Stormy Christmas Weather   - If theres thunder during Christmas week,The Winter will be anything but meek. - If windy on Christmas, trees will bring much fruit. - If it rain much during the twelve days after Christmas Day it will be a wet year. A Mild Christmas Means Cold Will Come   - A green (warm) Christmas, a white (cold) Easter. - So far as the sun shines on Christmas Day,So far will the snow blow in May. - If the ice will bear a goose before Christmas, it will not bear a duck after. - If Christmas day be bright and clear, therell be two winters in the year.. The below proverbs could be used to forecast whether or not youll see a White Christmas based on the weather at Hollantide -- a Cornish feast traditionally celebrated at the end of October/first of November  which marked the eve of winter. - If ducks do slide at Hollantide,At Christmas they will swim.If ducks do swim at Hollantide,At Christmas they will slide. - If Candlemas day be dry and fair,The half of the winter is gone and mair.If Candlemas day be wet and foul,The half of the winter is gone at Yule (Christmas). The following sayings have less to do with the weather on Christmas and more to do with what calendar day Christmas falls on:   - If Christmas Day on Thursday be,A windy winter ye shall see. - It will be the same weather for nine weeks as it is on the ninth day after Christmas. - The nearer the New Moon to Christmas Day, the harder the Winter. Christmas Lore: Where Does It Come From?   Why are these particular Christmas weather scenarios linked to these weather occurrences? Long before there was such a thing as  meteorologists  or tools like barometers or thermometers, farmers, seafarers, and others whose daily work was tied to the weather had nothing to clue them in on what the days weather would bring. To remedy this, people began observing how animals, plants, insects, and even they themselves behaved just before certain weather events. After years and years of noticing these patterns, folks began expecting certain weather based on whether or not they observed these certain events in nature.  They then created rhymes (like those above) to make the connections easily remembered and shared. How many of the above pieces of lore have you heard before? Have you known any of them to ring true where you live?

Thursday, May 7, 2020

Legal Forms of Business - 1082 Words

Legal Forms of Business: Week 2 Legal Forms of Business In business, the first decision that is made is usually the most difficult. When making business decisions, the owner must decide what types of business organization is the best for the company. There are seven forms of business that will be discussed as well as scenarios in which each of these forms of business would be the preferred form. This paper will also justify why the corresponding business form is preferred. The forms that will be discussed are: sole proprietorship, partner, limited liability partnership, Limited Liability Company, S corporation, franchise, and corporate form. Sole Proprietorship A Sole Proprietor is someone who owns a business by†¦show more content†¦S corporation status provides many of the benefits of partnership taxation and at the same time gives the owners limited liability protection from creditors. Scenario: A company that is taxed as a corporation, has more than 100 shareholders, and has one class of stock, cl assifies the company as an S Corporation. Franchise A franchise is a right granted to an individual or group to market a company s goods or services within a certain territory or location. There are companies that fall up under the franchise umbrella such as McDonald’s, Subway, and Pizza Hut. Many people think of restaurants or fast food businesses when they think of franchise. There are over 120 different types of franchise that consist of automotive, health and fitness, financial services, and cleaning and maintenance, just to name a few. Scenario: A person is interested in starting a business and would like to own a Taco Bell. The best form to use is the franchise. This would require the owner to buy into the franchise. Corporate The Corporation form is used to solve the typical problems of the partnership. Incorporating allows a group of owners to act as one. This is similar to the way a partnership is operated as well. Since a corporation is a separate legal en tity capable of being sued, it can protect its owners by absorbing the liability if something goes wrong. In a corporation, the owner is allowed to hireShow MoreRelatedLegal Forms of Business1415 Words   |  6 PagesLegal forms of Business The process of starting a business can be a challenging one. From choosing a business name, identifying the product to sell and where all require thoughtful decisions. All these decisions also need legal and practical considerations. To understand more about the different forms of business, it is important to consider the right structure for the business (Legal Forms, 2006). Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship simply means a business with one owner. With many formsRead MoreThe Legal Forms Of Business997 Words   |  4 Pagesit can be said as they are in partnership type of business. The legal forms of the business are named UNINCORPORATED AND INCORPORATED FORMS AS: 1. Unincorporated form a. sole trader b. partnership c. trust d. franchise 2. Incorporated forms a. incorporated not for profit associations b. cooperatives (non-profit or business) c. company/corporation (registered under the corporation’s act 2001) The partnership is an unincorporated form of business as they are not incorporated under the corporations’Read MoreThe Legal Forms Of Business1329 Words   |  6 Pagesof all, there are three legal forms of business, which consist of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. People can run a business in these three types of ways, which in some ways each type of business has its benefits and has its losses. Also, setting up a business needs to be planned out, and have expectations on how the business needs to run. People can’t just go out and start a business without having any plans. If a person did that, then that business would not last long at allRead MoreThe Legal Forms Of Business2782 Words   |  12 Pages Final Paper: Legal Forms of Business Samantha Simpfenderfer Cazenovia College â€Æ' When developing and establishing a business, a business owner must first consider what type of legal business that they would like to create and own. In the United States, businesses that vary in form are recognized and represented in court in varying ways. In some forms of business, the personal assets of the business owner are not protected, where in others, a business owner could never risk losing assetsRead MoreLegal Forms of Business Paper938 Words   |  4 PagesLegal Forms of Business Paper Law/531 June 3rd, 2011 University of Phoenix Legal Forms of Business Paper Selecting the best form of operating a business depends on the type of business the owner wants to run. The owners have to pick the structure that best meets their needs. â€Å"The selection depends on many factors, including the ease and cost of formation, the capital requirements of the business, the flexibility of management decisions, government restrictions, personal liability, taxRead MoreLegal Forms of Business Paper1131 Words   |  5 Pageshead: LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS PAPER Alumina and BP Scenario Collaborative Analysis University of Phoenix Pedro E. Grave de Peralta LAW531-Business Law Ken Marc July 28, 2012 This paper will be discussed, as well as explaining sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability partnership, Limited Liability Company, S corporation, franchise, and corporate form found thisRead MoreEssay on Legal Forms of Business939 Words   |  4 Pagesperson has an innovative plan to start a business. It begins with an idea but what should they do afterwards. If someone wants to start a business they must ask themselves several questions. What is the size of the business? What level of control do they want to have? What are the business risk and vulnerabilities? What are the initial startup expenses? All of these questions will help them decide which legal form of business they should choose. As a legal form can have significant implications forRead MoreTypes Of Legal Forms Of A Business1218 Words   |  5 PagesMaking business needs to adapt some legal form so that the corporate can operate the state legally, but it is not easy to know the right title that commerc ial need to carry for that reason must search all the forms and choose the right one that can progress future benefit. So, there are several legal forms that would need to be adopted for many reasons as a going to build a corporate, and it is important to know what we need to sell and the size of the operating company. The company must know whatRead MoreDifferent Legal Forms Of Business Combinations1039 Words   |  5 Pagesseveral different legal forms of business combinations. These forms include a merger, an acquisition, or a hostile takeover. When a merger takes place, two company’s combine to either form a new corporation, or amalgamate into one of the two old companies. These mergers can be either friendly or unfriendly in nature. When an amicable merger occurs, both the acquiring and acquired companies’ board of directors and executives work together to create terms for combining the new business. These terms areRead MoreLegal Forms of Business in Sri Lanka4360 Words   |  18 PagesIntroduction A business also called a company, enterprise or firm is a legally recognized organization, designed to provide goods and services to consumers. According to the purpose of the business, ownership of the business and nature of economic contribution of the business; the business can fall into one of the three standard sectors. There are; private sector, public sector and nonprofit sector. The part of the economy concerned with providing basic government services is called public

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Strength in Challenges Free Essays

The Strength in Challenges My ability to overcome difficulties throughout my life is by far my greatest strength. I have gone through more hardships than the average teen. Each time has forced me to look inside myself, and find the strength to rise up again. We will write a custom essay sample on The Strength in Challenges or any similar topic only for you Order Now I’ve never resented anything that has come my way because each hardship has placed a brick on what is the base of my character today. Back in fifth grade my house had caught fire. It was one of the scariest things in my life. As a fifth grader, dolls and going outside to play soccer were the things I held most sacred. This one event changed my entire outlook on life and showed me what was truly important in my life: my family. When I moved into a hotel for months it made me realize, trivial things like clothes and toys aren’t what makes a home your home it’s the people that are with you through it all. Also, the enormous support we got from the community helped me understand the true meaning of giving. Although this happened to me at a young age, the lessons still ring true today. I never wanted anyone to feel like they were alone and helpless, so every time an opportunity presents itself I feel the need to help. Whenever faced with a difficult decision or see someone in need I look back on this and it reminds me to place myself in their shoes and do whatever I can to help. Being pelted with a ball and getting the wind knocked out of you could be compared to the feeling I got when my mom told me she had terminal cancer. I knew the air was touching my lips, but I couldn’t suck it in. The pain in my chest was so great I had to crouch. Drops from my eyes pooled on the ground and my ears only heard buzzing rather than words. After a while the tears stopped, and I was left in my mom’s arms trying to process all of it. It’s been a year and I am still processing all of it. Each day I wake up not knowing how long my mom has left, and yet each day my mom wakes up fighting for another day which keeps me going. I’ve never had an obstacle as great as this, but it doesn’t stop me from reaching for my dreams. I am part of the first generation in my family to attend a four-year college, and my mom inspires me everyday. Although things may seem almost impossible, if you work hard enough and put forth your best effort, impossible is possible. Throughout my life I’ve been presented with many challenges; however, I never let them control my destiny. I now embrace each one as it comes because I’ve found that the harder I’ve worked to overcome something, it has always left me a better person than before. And with each new challenge, I become better at conquering the next. How to cite The Strength in Challenges, Papers

Monday, April 27, 2020

The Discovery Of The New World And The Columbian Exchange Essay Example For Students

The Discovery Of The New World And The Columbian Exchange Essay Entry 1 In chapter one of the study book by Foner Eric, we learned about the discovery of the New World and the Columbian exchange. Some of the notable first Americans who settled in the newly discovered land included Indians, mound builders who resided along the Missisipi River, western Indians and those who lived in the eastern north America. It is also crucial to mention that the New World was robust with activities such as construction work. It is most likely the early inhabitants of America shaped the land and reputation of this region as we know it today. Civilization through religion also played a vital role in advancing the ideals of the American society. We will write a custom essay on The Discovery Of The New World And The Columbian Exchange specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For example, the Native American religion was the centre piece that fast-tracked social activities like hunting and farming. Entry 2 The second topic reveals a lot about events at Jamestown. Between 1607 and 1660, the New World and England were at close interaction with each other. At the same time, the religious conflicts that reigned during 16th century were a major source of conflict that destabilized England. Nonetheless, it is surprising that the conflict did not turn down the rapid integration and growth of civilization between 1607 and 1660. While England sought to interact with both North America and Ireland, its mission was to subdue the emerging states and probably declare itself as the watchdog and dominant force to reckon with in both Europe and North America. These were vivid motives for colonization. In spite of the conflicts emanating from religion, England and the New World continued to build strong ties. Entry 3 Immigration was a vital undertaking bearing in mind that human habitation of the new land was needed. Initially, Englishmen wanted to ventur. .t historians referred to as the Great Awakening. Entry 10 From 1820, rapid reforms in various sectors of the American economy began in earnest. Perhaps, one would wonder why reforms were necessary in a nation that had gone through so much transformations and tribulations. As expected, the era of reform came as an impulse since it was hardly anticipated. Utopian communities were used in the reform policy. The long-founded Mormons Trek was also instrumental during this time. We may not also ignore the terse relationship between religion and reform in the new age in America. After the Second Great Awakening, religious revivalism became a reality. Perfectionism was thereafter perfected by these religious enthusiasts and pundits. This stretched further into campaigns against slavery and slave trade that were still being practiced in the ‘civilized’ American society.

Thursday, March 19, 2020

How to Answer the What is Your Current Salary Question in an Interview

How to Answer the What is Your Current Salary Question in an Interview It’s almost inevitable that in the course of your job search you will be asked for your salary history- either what you’re currently making, what you made in your previous position, or beyond. Employers want to know because they think it is a good gauge of your market value, and they want to get a sense of what salary level you might be expecting and/or hoping for. If you and the position you’re applying for are not in the same league, asking about salary can save you both a lot of time. That said, what if you’re being underpaid at your current position? What if you know you’re getting far less than market value, to say nothing of your actual value? Or what if you were hoping this new position would lead to a significant pay raise? Or it’s your dream job and you don’t care that you’d be taking a massive pay cut?Follow these guidelines and tactical options for when (and if) you should show your salary cards to your potential empl oyer.Think in terms of your worth, rather than your pay.There are situations in which divulging your salary information is basically like underbidding on yourself and setting the bar fairly low for negotiations. (And, in situations where you make dramatically more than the position would pay, you don’t want to scare anybody away from hiring you.) The trick with this strategy is to find out what the position is worth on the market and negotiate from that position.Address any major discrepancies with your current pay level in your cover letter. If the question comes up in your interview, simply deflect by saying you’ve researched the fair market value of the job in that region, and you’re sure that at the appropriate time, you would be able to settle a mutually appropriate figure. (Hint: you can’t say this unless you’re sure you would accept something in the fair market range.)It’s okay to deflect.If you’re keen not to give a number and the interviewer or HR department keeps pushing you, you can come up with a respectful way to say that you don’t believe your salary history should affect your prospective salary future at a different company- or in a different role or industry. Pivot again to describe the ways in which this job is different, and thus your salary comparison is not appropriate. If they’re all about the dollar amount and really getting pushy for no obvious reason, then ask yourself if this is the kind of company you really want to work for.Keep your cards close to your vest.Take caution, especially in the beginning! There’s no reason to preemptively disclose your salary history on your application. Put dashes in those boxes if they appear on any forms. If you’re asked for a resume and salary history, send just the resume. If they really want it/need it, they will ask, and you can proceed with your chosen strategy from there. If they do call you, that means they’re in terested in you. Score! You’ve just gotten one of their cards before showing your full hand!Of course, this strategy can easily backfire if no one calls you to get the extra information. Then you lose out on a potential interview. (Note: some civil service and other jobs require salary disclosure, but these have very rigid pay structures, so there’s much less risk to you. In these cases, divulge immediately.)Don’t stonewall.If you sense that you are really just frustrating your interviewer by not budging, maybe you can rethink. Try the tactic of honesty- the best policy. If you’re hesitating because you’re currently being woefully underpaid, try just being straightforward about that. This also opens up the conversation about why you think you’re being undervalued, which gives you another chance to sell your unique skills and expertise.The Bottom LineNo matter which strategy you go with, remember that the point is to explain your worth in ord er to get the salary you want. The only way to do this is by selling your skills and your particular blend of experience and expertise. Let your record stand as the biggest bargaining chip. You’re the best candidate at the fair market price you’re asking. It is possible to get what you want and what you deserve from the right company willing to realize your value.

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

The Beginning of the American Civil War

The Beginning of the American Civil War On February 4, 1861, delegates from the seven seceded states (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas) met in Montgomery, AL and formed the Confederate States of America. Working through the month, they produced the Confederate States Constitution which was adopted on March 11. This document mirrored the US Constitution in many ways, but provided for the explicit protection of slavery as well as espoused a stronger philosophy of states rights. To lead the new government, the convention selected Jefferson Davis of Mississippi as president and Alexander Stephens of Georgia as vice president. Davis, a Mexican-American War veteran, had previously served as a US Senator and Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. Moving quickly, Davis called for 100,000 volunteers to defend the Confederacy and directed that federal property in the seceded states immediately be seized. Lincoln and the South At his inauguration on March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln stated that the US Constitution was a binding contract and that the Southern states secession had no legal basis. Continuing, he said that he had no intention of ending slavery where it already existed and did not plan on invading the South.  Additionally, he commented that he would take no action that would give the South justification for armed rebellion, but would be willing to use force to retain possession of federal installations in the seceded states. As of April 1861, the US only retained control of a few forts in the South: Fort Pickens at Pensacola, FL and Fort Sumter in Charleston, SC as well as Fort Jefferson in the Dry Tortugas and Fort Zachary Taylor at Key West, FL. Attempts to Relieve Fort Sumter Shortly after South Carolina seceded, the commander of the Charleston harbor defenses, Major Robert Anderson of the 1st US Artillery Regiment, moved his men from Fort Moultrie to the nearly-complete Fort Sumter, located on a sandbar in the middle of the harbor. A favorite of general in chief General Winfield Scott, Anderson was considered an able officer and capable of negotiating the increasing tensions in Charleston. Under increasingly siege-like conditions through early 1861, that included South Carolina picket boats observing the Union troops, Andersons men worked to complete construction on the fort and emplace guns in its batteries. After refusing requests from the South Carolina government to vacate the fort, Anderson and the eighty-five men of his garrison settled in to await relief and resupply. In January 1861, President Buchanan attempted to resupply the fort, however, the supply ship, Star of the West, was driven away by guns manned by cadets from the Citadel. First Shot Fired During Attack on Fort Sumter During March 1861, a debate raged in the Confederate government regarding how forceful they should be in trying to take possession of Forts Sumter and Pickens. Davis, like Lincoln, did not wish to anger the border states by appearing as the aggressor. With supplies low, Lincoln informed the governor of South Carolina, Francis W. Pickens, that he intended to have the fort re-provisioned, but promised that no additional men or munitions would be sent. He did stipulate that should the relief expedition be attacked, efforts would be made to fully reinforce the garrison. This news was passed to Davis in Montgomery, where the decision was made to compel the forts surrender before Lincolns ships arrived. This duty fell to Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard who had been given command of the siege by Davis. Ironically, Beauregard had previously been a protà ©gà © of Anderson. On April 11, Beauregard sent an aide to demand the forts surrender. Anderson refused and further discussions after midnight failed to resolve the situation. At 4:30 am on April 12, a single mortar round burst over Fort Sumter signaling the other harbor forts to open fire. Anderson did not reply until 7:00 AM when Captain Abner Doubleday fired the first shot for the Union. Short on food and ammunition, Anderson sought to protect his men and limit their exposure to danger. As a result, he only permitted them to use the forts lower, casemated guns which were not positioned to effectively damage the other forts in the harbor. Bombarded through the day and night, Fort Sumters officers quarters caught fire and its main flag pole was toppled. After a 34-hour bombardment, and with his ammunition almost exhausted, Anderson elected t o surrender the fort. Lincolns Call for Volunteers Further Secession In response to the attack on Fort Sumter, Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 90-day volunteers to put the rebellion down and ordered the US Navy to blockade Southern ports. While the Northern states readily sent troops, those states in the upper South hesitated. Unwilling to fight fellow Southerners, the states of Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina opted to secede and joined the Confederacy. In response, the capital was moved from Montgomery to Richmond, VA. On April 19, 1861, the first Union troops arrived in Baltimore, MD on their way to Washington. While marching from one train station to another they were attacked by a pro-Southern mob. In the riot that ensued twelve civilians and four soldiers were killed. To pacify the city, protect Washington, and ensure that Maryland remained in the Union, Lincoln declared martial law in the state and sent troops. The Anaconda Plan Created by Mexican-American War hero and commanding general of the US Army Winfield Scott, the Anaconda Plan was designed to end the conflict as quickly and bloodlessly as possible. Scott called for the blockade of Southern ports and capture of the vital Mississippi River to split the Confederacy in two, as well as advised against a direct attack on Richmond. This approach was mocked by the press and public which believed that a rapid march against the Confederate capital would lead Southern resistance to collapse. Despite this ridicule, as the war unfolded over the next four years, many elements of the plan were implemented and ultimately led the Union to victory. The First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) As troops gathered in Washington, Lincoln appointed Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell to organize them into the Army of Northeastern Virginia. Though concerned about his mens inexperience, McDowell was forced to advance south in July due to growing political pressure and the impending expiration of the volunteers enlistments. Moving with 28,500 men, McDowell planned to attack a 21,900-man Confederate army under Beauregard near Manassas Junction. This was to be supported by Maj. Gen. Robert Patterson who was to march against an 8,900-man Confederate force commanded by Gen. Joseph Johnston in the western part of the state. As McDowell approached Beauregards position, he looked for a way to outflank his opponent. This led to a skirmish at Blackburns Ford on July 18. To the west, Patterson had failed to pin down Johnstons men, allowing them to board trains and move east to reinforce Beauregard. On July 21, McDowell moved forward and attacked Beauregard. His troops succeeded in breaking the Confederate line and forcing them to fall back on their reserves. Rallying around Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Jacksons Virginia Brigade, the Confederates stopped the retreat and, with the addition of fresh troops, turned the tide of the battle, routing McDowells army and forcing them to flee back to Washington. Casualties for the battle were 2,896 (460 killed, 1,124 wounded, 1,312 captured) for the Union and 982 (387 killed, 1,582 wounded, 13 missing) for the Confederates.

Saturday, February 15, 2020

Marketing Plan Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Plan Critique - Essay Example However, these marketing plans have some shortcomings that should be identified and corrected if greater success is to be achieved. This essay is a critique of some marketing plans of Colgate-Palmolive Company. It seeks to provide some recommendations that address the solutions to the issues identified. The Marketing Plan of this company is structured to focus on promoting the brand in overseas market as well as ensuring product differentiation and positioning in order to best serve its customers and at the same time beat both its local and regional competitors. To meet these objectives, the company has used the technique of market segmentation in which it has sectioned its products as oral, personal care and household items. Although the company has made efforts to diversify, its major competitors such as Unilever have trimmed their products much more giving them greater advantages over Colgate. Consequently, Colgate has sought to promote its brand through advertisements. Unfortunately, the company does not do these adverts in local languages, unlike its competitors. Advertising in local languages makes the companies identify themselves with the target audiences (Cadogan, 2009, p. 112). Its geographic segmentation strategy in which it has sought to extend its operations to more th an two hundred nations has not been so beneficial because it has adopted a style in which it restricts sales of the same commodity in every country. Every country has a distinct product. This creates a gap as most customers are cut off from accessing products they could have seen or heard of in other countries. Colgate-Palmolive is a distinct profit-making organization that has got most of its plans and strategies right except a few that needs to be reconsidered. With such an incredible market share in top economies, the company can achieve more than what it has if the following recommendations are taken into consideration. First, the company should

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Research Methods for Managers Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Research Methods for Managers - Dissertation Example Data Analysis 18 Organizational variables and gender 19 Organizational variables and the profile variables: age, civil status, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, position and work experience 19 3.7. Resources Needed 20 4.0. Timetable and References 4.1. Timetable 21 4.2. References 22 4.3. Bibliography 25 5.0. Appendices 5.1. The Research Instrument 26 5.2. Coding Guide for the Survey Responses 30 5.3. Interpretation Guide for the Organizational Diagnosis 31 An organisational diagnosis of General Guardian Insurance Limited using the Weisbord six-box model : Inputs for internal strategy formulation 1.0. Introduction In a general context, organisational diagnosis may be defined as a tool by which specific knowledge pertaining to reality in an organisation may be established in order to guide managers and other decision makers in understanding the organisation as well as its essential elements, and in formulating necessary interventions (Grave, Gimenez, Mendez & Crubellate, 2001). An orga nizational diagnosis may be likened to a general medical check-up where individuals submit themselves to, not because there are perceptible or felt symptoms, but as a precautionary measure for health promotion. However, more often than not, people undergo a medical examination just a little too late when symptoms of illnesses are already apparent. In this regard, the old cliche that â€Å"an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure† also proves true not only for humans but also for organizations. Organizational diagnostics, like medical doctors, are applicable both for routinary check-up or as inputs for the formulation of interventions when issues arise which tend to compromise the overall efficacy of an organization. 1.1. Background Guardian General Insurance Limited (GGIL) was established some nine years ago as a purely property and casualty insurer. GGIL is not, however, a newbie in the insurance market. In fact, GGIL can boast of its 50-year experience under th e wings of Guardian Holdings Limited (GHL). As the new millennium dawned, GHL acquired a couple of big insurance companies in Trinidad – the NEM Insurance Limited, which specialized in property and casualty insurance in Trinidad and Tobago; and the Caribbean Home Insurance, which also maintained health insurance portfolio in addition to their property and casualty business in Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados. To date, GGIL is the largest property and casualty insurer which is purely Caribbean owned (GGIL, 2010). In the most recent statement published by GGIL top executives, management straightforwardly reported a loss of 821 million dollars, the organization’s biggest loss in history (Jack & Mack, 2010). The two executives, however, assured their clients that the GGIL board of directors â€Å"have the ability to analyze, and the skill to execute, on good acquisitions† (Jack & Mack, 2010, p. 6). Additionally, Jack and Mack (2010) affirmed that experiencing losses in any business is not acceptable and that the size of the loss is definitely painful. The loss was also admitted to be self-inflicted as a consequence of poor judgement on one acquisition. In spite of these developments, GGIL was declared to remain ‘solid as a rock’. Meanwhile, Tam-Marks (2006) maintained that the insurance industry in Trinidad and Tobago is now being regulated through risk-based examinations, as opposed to the previous practice of compliance-based and transaction-testing examinations. The present regulatory framework in Trinidad and T

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Isolation as the Root of Hamlets Torment Essay -- Essays on Shakespear

Isolation as the Root of Hamlet's Torment Does Hamlet stand alone? Does this magnate of English literature hold any bond of fellowship with those around him, or does he forge through his quandaries of indecision, inaction and retribution in solitude? Though the young Dane interacts with Shakespeare's entire slate of characters, most of his discourse lies beneath a cloud of sarcasm, double meaning and contempt. As each member of Claudius' royal court offers their thickly veiled and highly motivated speech Hamlet retreats further and further into the muddled depths of his conflict-stricken mind. Death by a father, betrayal by a mother, scorn by a lover and abhorrence by an uncle leave the hero with no place to turn, perhaps creating a sense of isolation painful enough to push him towards the brink of madness.   Ã‚  Ã‚   With the supporting cast of detractors circled around him, Claudius clearly constitutes the core of Hamlet's opposition. The king's animosity towards Hamlet spreads to the rest of his entourage in the same way that his refusal to mourn his brother's passing left only the prince in black attire and dark-eyed grief. Claudius and the others each make weakly shrouded attempts to gain Hamlet's support, but the deafening falsity of their gestures leaves little doubt about their true sentiments. The first appearance of King and nephew together begins with the disingenuous greeting, "But now, my cousin Hamlet, and my son-" (1.2, 64) to which Hamlet sardonically retorts, "A little more than kin, and less than kind!" (1.2, 65).   Ã‚  Ã‚   This initial encounter between the two men reveals a sea of mutual hostilities and as a broker of the king's will, Polonius parallels such an antagonism. The advisor's first meeting with Haml... ...is inaction. The tragic hero walks a very lonely role, and this seclusion probably deserves a mention in literature's eternal search for the roots of his torment. With words more sage than he realizes, Polonius condenses Hamlet's entire struggle into a single poignant idea: "The origin and commencement of his grief / Sprung from neglected love" (3.1, 180-181). Polonius and Laertes derail Ophelia's tenderness, and Claudius' persuasion steals the heart of Gertrude. A unanimous lack of mourning scoffs at Hamlet's deep esteem for his fallen father and even the companionship of his childhood friends succumbs to Claudius' menacing demands. The end result is a huge gulf between ally and adversary, a gulf that ultimately plummeted Hamlet to the depths of psychological torment. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. David Bevington. New York: Longman,1997.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Life Changing Experience Essay

This essay is a major part of my life, and it means the world to me. So I want to share my experience of me getting married and/or being married. I will be informative with how it came to where I am today of being married and how I have learned from prior mistakes that was made in my life. And I will also tell how our love for each other has grown stronger and how we have become closer in our path of life. This is a hard journey to accomplish and make it last a lifetime. I was young and had lots to learn about being married and becoming a wife, the thought I had in my mind that marriage was supposed to be easier, as they make it look in fairy tale stories. I then realized it was not so easy. I was married to a man that never took marriage seriously and it affected our relationship drastically. Our marriage lasted for only six months. In those six months he refused to work to support our family. After several months of financial struggle, I woke up one day with the realization that my sons and I did not deserve this type of life. I decided to move on and search for someone who valued a marriage the same way I did. When I think back on when I first met my husband, it still gives me butterflies. Our first encounter was while we were doing laundry at a local laundry mat. I was standing there folding clothes and when I looked at him I felt my heart melt, like a hammer to a nail in a board. . A few days had passed and my friend introduced the two of us. I thought for sure it was love at first sight. He was so sincere and respectful to my home. He would ask me questions about my boys and things that I was interested in and what my hobbies were. Our marriage has been one of the biggest blessings in my life. It has taught my husband and I many lessons and values that have brought us closer together and our love stronger. Our marriage began on a warm sunny day. Driving to the courthouse, I could feel my heart pounding so hard as though it was going to beat right out of my chest. It felt like butterflies fluttering over a breezy meadow. The closer the time got for us to say our sacred vows to each other; my heart felt like a rose blooming endlessly. As I turned to him and the judge pronounced us man and wife, I felt like I was on cloud nine. Our marriage is full of surprises and happiness. The blessings of our marriage began when we were blessed with another son. We learned a true lesson on how to be the best parents that we could be to these boys. I could tell he was scared about being a father. He is a wonderful father to the boys; he loves to go out and shoot basketball, and kick around a soccer ball with them in the yard. He tries to be a decent father figure in their lives. Being able to teach the boys right from wrong is another lesson for us to learn as couple. There are times he has to discipline them for things that they do wrong. We always do our best to work as a team to work out our disagreements. I found for us to work as an effective team, we have to listen to each other’s perspectives and find the pros and cons to our disagreement. The present is here, the future is to come with more blessings for our marriage. Every time I look at my husband, he still continues to make my heart race. I am unsure the road that lies ahead of us, but I am sure my husband will hold my hand every step of the way as we continue to grow and learn together. My husband and I have a powerful bond between us, as we have an unbreakable trust. We know each other’s limits, how to make each other laugh, and how to work well as a team. I know deep down in my heart that our marriage will last a lifetime. We have learned much about each other and realized how our marriage is a true blessing to us. I would have never picked any other man to spend the rest of my life with. When I look at him in twenty years, I’ll still see his charming smile; that very smile that took my breath away in the first moments we met. My husband is my present and future. We are two halves that make a whole. With his half, he is the one that truly makes our family complete. He has helped me become a better person, given my sons stability as a father and it has been a true blessing being married to this man.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Deterioration Of Quality Of Water - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1423 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/06 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Water Pollutions Essay Did you like this example? Water is essential for the survival of living organisms.On an average, a human being consumes about 2 litres of water every day. Water accounts for about 70% of the weight of a human body. About 80% of the earths surface (i.e. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Deterioration Of Quality Of Water" essay for you Create order 80% of the total 50,000 million hectares in area) is covered by water. Out of the estimated 1,011 million km3 of the total water present on earth, only 33,400 km3 of water is available for drinking, agriculture, domestic and industrial consumption. The rest of the water is locked up in oceans as salt water, polar ice-caps and glaciers and underground. Owing to increasing industrialization on one hand and exploding population on the other, the demands of water supply have been increasing tremendously. Moreover, considerable part of this limited quantity of water is polluted by sewage, industrial wastes and a wide array of synthetic chemicals. Water pollution means deterioration of quality of water as measured by physical, chemical or biological criteria. The quality of water is judged keeping in view the planned use of the water, the level of pollution or contamination and its impact on the ecology and public health. A pollutant is defined as any substance, when present in excess is harmful to living organisms. In other words, it is defined as the presence of biological agents and toxic chemicals in groundwater that exceed what is naturally found in the water and may cause a hazard to human health and/or the environment. In simple words, Water pollution occurs when undesirable foreign substances are introduced into natural water. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities. In fact, today billions of people are facing the problem of water pollution especially in the developing world. The clean drinking water is scarce which are free disease causing substances or organisms. About 20% of worlds population has no access to disease free clean drinking water. Another 20% population of the world suffers from water born diseases due to poor sanitation conditions and about two million people are killed annually. Majority of the sufferers are children under 5 years. Chemical pollution of the water is a budding problem worldwide, affecting almost all the countries. The important chemical pollutants are toxic metals such as lead or mercury; agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, or fertilizers and acid rain. Industrial, municipal and Agricultural processes release chemical pollutants which contaminate water bodies. Characteristics of potable water It should be colourless, odourless and tasteless. It should be free from turbidity and other suspended impurities. It should be free from germs, bacteria and other pathogenic organisms. It should not contain toxic dissolved impurities, such as heavy metals, pesticides, etc. It should have a pH in the range 7-8.5. It should be moderately soft, having harness preferably in the range 50-100 ppm. Its hardness should not be above 150 ppm. It should be aesthetically pleasant. It should not be corrosive to the pipelines and should not cause any incrustations in the pipes. It should not stain clothes. Water pollutants There are several classes of water pollutants which can pollute surface water or groundwater. Important classes are: Oxygen-demanding waste Pathogenic, or disease-causing, microorganisms Nutrients Oil Toxic substances Synthetic organic chemicals Heavy metals Radioactive materials Sediment Thermal pollution (nonmaterial form) Oxygen-Demanding Waste Oxygen demanding waste includes domestic and animal sewage, bio-degradable organic compounds and industrial wastes from food-processing plants, meat-packing plants, slaughter houses, paper and pulp mills, tanneries etc.., as well as agricultural run-off. All these wastes undergo degradation and decomposition by bacterial activity in presence of dissolved oxygen (D.O). This waste is decomposed by oxygen-requiring bacteria (aerobic bacteria). When huge populations of decomposing bacteria are converting these wastes it can deplete oxygen levels in the water. This causes other organisms in the water, such as fish, other marine animals, and marine plants to die. The optimum D.O. in natural waters is 4-6 ppm, which is essential for supporting aquatic life. Any decrease in this D.O value is an index of pollution. The quantity of oxygen utilized for bacterial decomposition is the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). It is commonly used measure in water-quality management. A high BOD measure indicates the presence of large quantity of decaying organic matter in the water. Usually natural sources such as fallen leaves as well as agricultural activities and sewage are the major sources of organic matter in streams and rivers. Pathogenic Organisms Pathogenic microbes or microorganisms are main biological pollutants. These include pathogenic microorganisms which may enter the water along with sewage and other wastes and may cause tremendous damage to public health. These microbes, comprising mainly of viruses and bacteria, can cause dangerous water borne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery, polio and infectious hepatitis in humans. It is difficult to monitor pathogenic microbes directly. Usually human fecal coliform bacteria are used to monitor the biological contamination of water and as a standard measure of pollution. Fecal coliform bacteria are usually harmless and are part of the normal constituents of human intestines, and are found in all human waste. However, Escherichia coli have been responsible for human illnesses and deaths. The very young and old are most vulnerable to the ravages of the disease, which can damage the kidneys Waterborne disease epidemics have killed thousands of people in U.S. cities. Such epidemics were controlled by separating sewage water and drinking water and by treating drinking water before consumption. Unfortunately, in poor countries, billions of people are exposed to water born diseases. For example, an epidemic of cholera broke out in October of 2010 in Haiti. Nutrients Water pollution is also caused by the nutrients released by human activity. Phosphorus and nitrogen are two important nutrients which are released from a variety of materials, including fertilizers, detergents, and the products of sewage treatment plants. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams is related to land use. Forested land has the lowest concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen, while the highest concentrations are found in agricultural areas, such as fertilized farm fields and feedlots. Urban areas can also add phosphorus and nitrogen to local waters, particularly where wastewater-treatment plants discharge treated waters into lakes, rivers, or other water bodies. These plants are useful in eliminating organic pollutants and pathogens, but nutrients pass through the system. Increased concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in water result in cultural eutrophication which is a process characterized by a rapid increase in the abundance of plant life, particularly algae. Blooms of algae form thick mats that sometimes nearly cover the surface of the water in fresh water ponds and lakes. These thick algae mats block sunlight to plants below and those plants eventually die. In addition, the algae also consume oxygen as they decompose, and results in lowering the oxygen content of the water which may result the fish and aquatic animals to die as well. In the marine environment, nutrients in Algae-contaminated beach near shore waters may cause blooms of seaweed, referred to as marine algae, to flourish. The marine algae become a nuisance when they are torn loose and accumulate on beaches. Algae may also damage or kill coral in tropical areas. Oil pollution may take place because of oil spills from cargo oil tankers on the seas, losses during off-shore exploration and production of oil, accidental fires in ships and oil tankers. Oil discharged into surface water (i.e., rivers, lakes, and the ocean) has caused major pollution problems. The largest oil discharges have usually involved oil-tanker accidents at sea. Oil spills leading to water pollution had very significant short-term impacts. Commercial fisheries, sport fisheries, and tourism were disrupted. In addition, many seabirds and mammals were lost. A large oil spill in 2006 was caused by the war in Lebanon, when a coastal power plant was bombed and over 100,000 barrels of fuel oil entered the Mediterranean Sea. Over half of Lebanons tourist beaches were polluted, including a popular public beach visited by people from the capital city Beirut. Oil on the shore A variety of methods have been used to try to control the spread of oil and clean it up after it has made landfall at a beach or wetland (Figure). The methods include deploying booms, skimmers, and chemical dispersants; burning the oil in water in situ; washing the oil off beaches; and vacuuming or picking up the oil. Sometimes, equipment as simple as shovels and road equipment is used to pick up oil from sandy beaches. The particular methods used depend upon the site, how much oil is present, and the accessibility of the site to necessary equipment.